What is Breathing?

Breathing means the exchange of gases through Inhalation and Exhalation.

Breathing is also called External Respiration because we take oxygen in and breathe out carbon dioxide through our nose.

In the breathing process of all vertebrates, there is a branch of tubes that connects the nose and alveoli. It is a voluntary process that involves contraction and relaxation of muscles in the thoracic region.

What is Respiration?

Respiration on the other hand is an internal complex process.

In which organic compounds are broken into carbon dioxide and water while releasing energy. It is also called Internal Respiration. It is an involuntary process. It is mainly of two types

• Aerobic Respiration-Happens in presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic Respiration-Happens in absence of oxygen

Breathing Vs Respiration

Given below are the key differences:

Our Human Skeleton system is made up of bones and cartilages which gives a framework to our body. The bone cells are called osteocytes and cartilage cells are called chondrocytes. Apart from this they both are also made up of collagen.

The main function of bones and cartilage is to protect the internal organs, tissues and also help in the movement of various body parts.on average a human body has 206 bones.

Let us now see the key differences-

What is a Bone?

Bones are of different shapes and sizes and their main function is to provide shape to the human body and help in the movement of the body. Bone cells are of three types:-

• Osteoblast-These are progenitor cells.
• Osteocytes-These are mature bone cells.
• Osteoclasts-Plays role in maintenance and repair of the vertebral skeleton.

The outer part of the bone is dense and compact and the inner part is a spongy honeycomb-like structure.

What is a Cartilage?

It is a living connective tissue that is found in different forms in our body. It is softer than bone and more flexible. It is mainly found in the ear, nose, and also as a cushion at the ending of joints to protect them from rubbing against each other.

Cartilages are of 3 types:-

• The elastic cartilage-maintains shape of flexible body parts like ears, nose.
• Fibrocartilage-It acts as a cushion in knee joints, hip and shoulder joints.
• Hyaline Cartilage-consists mainly of collagen fibres and protects joints where frequent movement takes place.

What is Breathing?

Breathing means the exchange of gases through Inhalation and Exhalation.

Breathing is also called External Respiration because we take oxygen in and breathe out carbon dioxide through our nose.

In the breathing process of all vertebrates, there is a branch of tubes that connects the nose and alveoli. It is a voluntary process that involves the contraction and relaxation of muscles in the thoracic region.

What is Respiration?

Respiration on the other hand is an internal complex process.

In which organic compounds are broken into carbon dioxide and water while releasing energy. It is also called Internal Respiration. It is an involuntary process. It is mainly of two types:-

• Aerobic Respiration-Happens in presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic Respiration-Happens in absence of oxygen

Given below are the key differences:- 

Skeleton as we all know forms the basic framework of the body and helps in defining the shape of the body and protect the internal organs. It also helps in the movement of the body. Skeletons can be of two types.

What is Endoskeleton?

It is the skeleton inside the body of living organisms eg Vertebrates like birds, fish, amphibians, mammals.

What is Exoskeleton?

It is a hard outer coating that gives shape to the body and also helps in protecting organisms from their predators. It exists as scales or calcified shells and cuticles. It is found in organisms like grasshoppers, crabs, cockroaches, etc.

Insects are other examples of organisms having exoskeletons made of chitin. Wings are attached to the exoskeleton with the help of muscles.

Given below are the key differences between the two:

Hormones have an important role in our body functions. Activities of different cells and organs are regulated by hormones. Hormones are secreted by different glands of our body which are of two types:

• Endocrine gland

• Exocrine gland

What is Endocrine System?

The term endocrine is derived from two Greek words-“endo” which means inside or within and ” crisis” which means to secrete. It includes endocrine glands which directly secrete hormones into the bloodstream and then it reaches their target cells and organs. It is also called ductless glands.

Adrenal, Hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid glands, ovaries are some glands in this system. Too low or too high secretions from these glands can result in various disorders like diabetes, hypothyroid, hypoglycemia, difficulty in conceiving, managing stress, etc.

What is Exocrine System?

It includes exocrine glands which release hormones in the duct that lead to the external part of the body. These glands are also called duct glands.

Glands in this system are sweat glands, mammary glands, sebaceous glands, salivary glands, etc Improper functioning of these glands can result in disorders like acromegaly, dwarfism, gigantism, etc.

The key difference between the two systems can be summarized below-

Substance Abuse-It means consuming a substance or drug in amount or in a method that is not approved by medical professionals or against guidelines and government policies. If a person is involved in drug abuse he/she may be 

• Doing illegal activities.
• It May have risk-taking nature.
• A lot of personal/interpersonal issues.
• No interest in daily activities.

Substance dependence-

It is a condition in which a person behaves normally only if he is under the influence of drugs. This happens because of drug overuse and experiences withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not available. A person under drug dependency 

• Develops a tolerance for the drug because of which they need more quantity to get the same effect.
• Nausea, omitting, sweating are some of the symptoms that they develop if the drug is not available.
• Anxiety, depression.
• Unsuccessful in quitting this habit.

Let us now elaborate on the differences

There are two types of biological transport processes of cell molecules across the cell membrane.

Active Transport-Movement of cell molecules across the cell membranes from the region of low concentration to region of high concentration is called Active Transport. Energy used by the cell is in the form of ATP. Eg- endocytosis exocytosis.

Passive Transport-Passive transport on the other hand is the movement of cell molecules from high to low concentration without using cellular energy. Eg- diffusion, osmosis.

Let us now elaborate on the differences-

Adhesion or cohesion refers to the force of attraction between similar or different molecules. These forces can also exist together eg when liquid, when stored in a container the force between edges of a liquid and surface of the container is called adhesion and cohesion, which is the force of attraction between the water molecules.

What is Adhesion?

It is the force of attraction between different types of molecules. Molecules have a tendency to attract each other. we can see adhesion when we use glue, cement, paint etc. Adhesion also helps in the transportation of water in plants through the xylem.

What is Cohesion?

It is the force of attraction between molecules of the same substances. Eg it is due to these forces water droplets are formed. Since these are forces within the same substance, it helps in giving shape and structure.

Let us now see the differences in the table given below-

Respiration is of two types-

• Aerobic

• Anaerobic

Aerobic Respiration-means a cellular respiration process in which glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. This energy is used in various body functions. It usually occurs in plants, animals, humans and other mammals also. It has mainly three stages-

• Glycolysis

• Krebs’s cycle

• Electron Transport Chain

Anaerobic Respiration-As the name says this type of respiration takes place without oxygen as oxygen is not required to break the glucose into energy. It usually occurs in unicellular organisms like bacteria fungi, protozoa etc.

Let us now understand the differences in the table given below-

People often confuse between the two as both cause some kind of adverse reaction after consuming some kind of food.

What is Food Allergy?

It is an adverse immune response after consuming some particular type of food. This happens because our body mistakes some food for infection and starts developing antibodies against it. This causes an allergic reaction. The chemical that is released as a result of this reaction is called histamines. Some common food items that cause allergy are- 

Fish, nuts, milk wheat and soy. Some common reactions are as follows.

• Coughing

• Vomiting

• Pain in abdomen

• Chest pain

What is Food Intolerance?

Food Intolerance n the other hand means being hypersensitive to some kind of food. It is a non-allergic reaction and happens mainly due to indigestion or the lack of enzymes required in the digestive process. For example, some people feel uncomfortable after consuming dairy products. Some of the common symptoms are as follows.

• Nausea

• Gas

• Cramps

• Headache

• Diarrohea

Let us now see the differences below