Top 10 IoT Interview Questions

Que 1: What is IoT?

Ans: IoT is abbreviation of Internet of Things. It is basically a network using which things (devices) can communicate with each other using communication protocols (IP Protocols) as a mean of communication.

There is not only one technology involved but, multiple technologies are involved to make this (IoT) concept great success.

Que 2: What are the main parts of IoT system?

Ans: IoT system consists of three main parts i.e. sensors, network connectivity and data storage applications.

Que 3: Explain the basic architecture of IoT network.

Ans: As we know IoT system consists of three main parts viz. sensors, network connectivity and data storage applications. Sensors either communicate directly with the central server for data storage or communicate via gateway devices. Gateway can handle various wireless interfaces that’s why one gateway can handle multiple technologies and multiple sensors. The typical wireless technologies used widely are Zigbee, Zwave, RFID, NFC etc. Gateway interfaces with cloud using wireless or wired technologies such as Wi-Fi, Mobile or Fibre, DSL.

The IoT hardware system can be constructed using Micro-controller Units. Choice of Micro-controller depends on system on chip resources, power required and interfaces needed as per different sensors and memory requirements.

In order to finalize the IoT hardware architecture following aspects are required to study:

• Type of sensors/actuators
• Communication interface type
• Amount of data to be captured and transmitted
• Frequency of the data transportation

IoT software architecture is based on open source components like Arduino, Linux (Raspberry Pi).

Que 4: Explain IoT protocol Stack.

Ans: IoT have 4 protocol layers (stack).

Sensing and Identification include various smart sensor devices based on GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi etc.

Network connectivity layer is based on wired and wireless network such as WLAN, WMAN, Ethernet, optical fibre and more.

Information Processing layer and

Application layer

Que 5: How is Internet of Things (IoT) different from the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)?

Ans: IoT systems tend to be everyday consumer-level devices connected to one another and made smarter and slightly self-aware such as wearable fitness tools, smart home and automatic pet feeders. On the other hand, Industrial IoT connects equipment and systems in industries and businesses where failures can be disastrous such as aerospace and defence, healthcare and energy.

Que 6: What is the difference between the IoT and the Sensors?

Ans: Sensors can be used in many different ways, many sensors don’t need to be connect via internet.

IoT also includes the control side, not just the sensing side.

Que 7: What impacts will the IoT has on Infrastructure and Smart Cities Sector?

Ans: The smart grid, smart buildings combined with IoT components in other public utilities, such as roadways, sewage and water treatment and transport, public transportation, and waste removal, can contribute to more integrated and functional infrastructure, especially in cities.

For example, smart garbage cans can signal waste removal teams when they are full, streamlining the routes that garbage trucks take. Traffic authorities can use cameras and embedded sensors to manage traffic flow. IoT components embedded in street lights or other infrastructure elements can provide functions such as environmental monitoring, and even assistance for drivers in finding parking spaces.

Que 8: What is the connection of IoT with Big Data?

Ans: There are about 2.6 Quintillion bytes of data is being generated every single day. IoT, Big Data Cloud all are interconnected. As you know data is not just growing in size but also in variety, there is an increased focus on analysing it in real time to extract important insights. There is we need effective tools to leverage big data as the conventional tools to store and process data.

Que 9: What are the security concerns related to IoT?

Ans: Data security and privacy are major concerns related to IoT. These devices are vulnerable to hacking and cloud endpoints could be used by hackers to attack servers. Software developers and Device designers have to ensure adequate security and privacy measures.

Que 10: Which technology do you think will make IoT a game changer in the future?

Ans: Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence will make IoT a game changer in future.